我们不仅要关注相关疫情，近期的新型冠状病毒肺炎，作为较受关注的公共安全事件，肯定会被各科老师及中考命题者紧紧盯上，体现在各科试卷中，为提醒大家，这些涉及初中的相关知识，在家的同时要认真学习，收藏起来吧!尤其是英语学科，可能会有很多同学们不太熟悉的单词等出现，今天就跟伊顿教育一起来看看!

　　【知识点】

　　冠状病毒(coronavirus)是一类主要引起呼吸道、肠道疾病(respiratory and intestinal diseases)的病原体。这类病毒颗粒的表面有许多规则排列的突起(a fringe of bulbous surface projections )，整个病毒颗粒就像一顶帝王的皇冠(royal crown)，因此得名“冠状病毒”。冠状病毒除人类以外，还可感染猪、牛、猫、犬、貂、骆驼、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺猬等多种哺乳动物以及多种鸟类(mammals and birds)。

　　【关于新型冠状病毒】

　　2019-nCoV, as it's been labelled, is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans.

　　这种新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)此前未在人类身上发现过。

　　Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.

　　冠状病毒是一个庞大的病毒家族，目前已知会感染人类的有六种(新发现的这种是第七种)。

　　【相关词汇】

　　新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus / new strain of coronavirus

　　呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases

　　禽流感病毒 avian influenza virus

　　密切接触者 close contacts

　　潜伏期 incubation period

　　疑似病例 suspected case

　　确诊病例 confirmed case

　　得肺炎 get/catch pneumonia

　　接受医学观察 under medical observation

　　流行病学调查 epidemiological investigation

　　病毒爆发 virus outbreak

　　遏制疫情爆发 contain the outbreak

　　严格隔离政策 strict isolation policy

　　携带病毒 carrying the virus

　　级传染源 superspreader

　　医疗费用报销 reimbursement for medical expenses

　　中国大部分地区口罩供应紧张 tight supplies in large areas of China

　　人传人 human-to-human transmission

　　医务人员感染 infection of medical worker

　　【相关报道】

　　Scientists believe an animal source is "the most likely primary source" but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred.

　　科学家认为动物是“较有可能的初始感染源”，不过，也有一些人传人的病例。

　　Signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.

　　感染症状包括：呼吸道症状，发烧，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困难等。

　　近期，湖北省武汉市等多个地区发生新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情。

　　【阅读理解】

　　A new Chinese coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 1000 people since the outbreak (爆发) began in Wuhan, China, in December. Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans.

　　"What we know is it causes pneumonia (肺炎) and then doesn't respond to antibiotic(抗生素) treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality (死亡率), SARS kills 10% of the individuals," Poon, a virologist(病毒学家) at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said.

　　The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients.

　　Here are seven things you should know about a coronavirus.

　　What is a coronavirus

　　Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic[ˌzəʊəˈnəʊtɪk](人畜共患病), meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　Coronavirus symptoms(症状)

　　The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild(轻度) to moderate(中度) upper respiratory tract illness(上呼吸道疾病), similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days.

　　For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis [brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs](支气管炎).

　　There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.

　　Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(中东呼吸综合征), also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC.

　　Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(严重急性呼吸综合征), also known as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China, according to the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [ˌdaɪəˈriə](腹泻), fatigue (疲劳), shortness of breath, respiratory distress (呼吸窘迫) and kidney failure (肾衰). Depending on the patient's age, the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable.

　　How it spreads

　　Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels, according to the WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats (狸猫) were to blame.

　　When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions [sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n](分泌物).

　　Depending on how virulent [ˈvɪrələnt] (有毒的)the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Caregivers (护理人员) can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste, according to the CDC.

　　文章翻译

　　一种新的中国冠状病毒，是SARS病毒的一个堂兄弟，自去年12月在中国武汉爆发以来，已经感染了1000多人。科学家LeoPoon首先破译了这种病毒，他认为它很可能是从动物身上开始传播到人类身上的。香港大学医学院公共卫生学院的病毒学Poon说：“我们知道这会导致肺炎(PoT)，然后对抗生素治疗无效，这并不奇怪，但就死亡率而言，SARS杀死了10%的个体。” 世界卫生组织向各国提供了如何做好准备的指导，包括如何监测病人和如何治疗病人。

　　以上就是伊顿教育小编给大家整理的与新型冠状病毒病毒相关的英语知识点，大家提前看看。等到真正考试的时候就知道该从哪些方面入手准备。也希望这次的疫情能够早点过去，武汉加油，中国加油!